Providing water and sanitation services is a complex industrial task. Like for any other industrial activity, water and sanitation services require capital, in order to build or replace water and sewages networks and treatment plants. They require technologies, skills and know-how to run the services every day and combine capital and technologies in an efficient way.

The good news is that, worldwide, a wide repository of competences is available in many public utilities, both in the Global North and in the Global South.